As we age, fertility naturally declines in both men and women. While this is a natural part of life, it doesn’t mean we have to accept it without action. In this article, we’ll explore how aging affects fertility and discuss ways to preserve reproductive health for both men and women.
Decline in Egg Quantity and Quality
In women, the number and quality of eggs decline over time. By the age of 30, women begin to notice a drop in egg count. Along with this, egg quality also diminishes, increasing the risk of genetic disorders in embryos, such as Down’s syndrome.
Reduced Sperm Quality
In men, sperm quality and semen concentration start to decline in the early 40s. Studies suggest that children born to older fathers may face higher risks of conditions like autism and schizophrenia.
Lower Chances of Conception
Fertility decreases with age for both men and women, leading to a reduced likelihood of conceiving later in life. Women under 30 are twice as likely to conceive within a year compared to those in their 40s. Similarly, men under 40 have better fertility prospects than older men.
For women, factors such as reduced egg quality, irregular ovulation, and changes to the womb decrease the chances of getting pregnant as they age. In men, sperm quantity and motility continuously decline between the ages of 20 and 80, further impacting fertility.
Increased Risks During Pregnancy
For women, advanced maternal age carries greater risks during pregnancy. Older women are more likely to face complications like pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restrictions, genetic abnormalities, and miscarriage. Additionally, conditions like endometriosis, which can interfere with pregnancy, become more common as women age.
Fertility Preservation Options
Thankfully, there are ways to preserve fertility. For both men and women, techniques like egg and sperm freezing are effective when done at a younger age, when fertility quality is at its peak. Assisted reproductive methods like in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are also promising options for individuals looking to conceive later in life.
However, it’s important to understand that while these methods can increase the chances of conception, there’s no guarantee they will resolve fertility issues, especially with age.
Conclusion
Fertility declines as we age, but with proper guidance and knowledge, men and women can take steps to preserve their reproductive health. Fertility specialists can offer advice on how best to manage your fertility and support your efforts when trying to conceive.
