In recognition of Sexual and Reproductive Health Awareness Day on February 12, 2025, experts emphasize the importance of understanding how various diseases affect sexual and reproductive health. Dr. Kshitiz Murdia, an IVF specialist and the CEO of Indira IVF, explains how both physical and mental health are interconnected with sexual and reproductive well-being.
Many diseases can disrupt sexual functions and have long-term consequences such as infertility, hormonal imbalances, and sexual dysfunction. These health conditions affect not just the physical body, but also mental health, relationships, and overall quality of life,” says Dr. Murdia.
Common Diseases Affecting Sexual and Reproductive Health
Several diseases, either directly or indirectly, impact sexual and reproductive health. Below are some of the most prevalent ones:
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
STIs like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and HIV/AIDS are strongly linked to reproductive health complications. If untreated, STIs can cause infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pain. HIV, in particular, weakens the immune system, making individuals more vulnerable to further reproductive health issues. Preventative measures such as practicing safe sex and regular screenings are crucial.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is a common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age, affecting up to 10% of the population. It leads to menstrual irregularities, anovulation (the failure to release eggs), and infertility. Women with PCOS may also be at risk of developing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease. Early diagnosis and lifestyle changes, including weight management and regular exercise, can help improve fertility outcomes.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing pain, inflammation, and infertility. It can also lead to painful intercourse (dyspareunia), which impacts sexual health. Treatments often include hormonal therapies and pain management, with surgery as a last resort in severe cases.
Diabetes
Diabetes significantly affects sexual health. In men, it can lead to erectile dysfunction and lower sperm quality, while in women, it may cause irregular menstrual cycles, miscarriage, and complications such as gestational diabetes or preeclampsia during pregnancy. Maintaining healthy blood glucose levels is crucial to preventing these issues.
Cardiovascular Diseases
Conditions like hypertension and atherosclerosis can limit blood flow to reproductive organs, leading to erectile dysfunction in men and reduced sexual arousal and painful intercourse in women. Certain cardiovascular medications can also negatively affect libido. A heart-healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, can help mitigate these effects.
Cancer and Its Treatments
Cancer affecting reproductive organs, such as the ovaries, cervix, prostate, and testicles, can disrupt sexual and reproductive health. Treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery often lead to temporary or permanent infertility, hormonal changes, and reduced libido. It is essential to discuss fertility preservation options, such as egg or sperm freezing, prior to beginning cancer treatments. Post-treatment sexual health counseling can also support recovery.
Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune disorders like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can have significant effects on fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Lupus increases the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and other pregnancy complications. Rheumatoid arthritis can cause joint pain and fatigue, which may affect sexual activity. Careful medication management and close monitoring during pregnancy are necessary to improve outcomes.
Conclusion
The intersection of diseases with sexual and reproductive health is complex, affecting both physical and emotional well-being. Awareness and early intervention are key in managing these conditions and maintaining a good quality of life. Health professionals recommend regular check-ups, screenings, and consultations to address potential risks and maintain overall reproductive health.
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