Male infertility is more common than many people realize and is often misunderstood. Around 1 in 6 couples face challenges in conceiving, and male infertility plays a role in nearly half of these cases. The good news is that by understanding the causes, which range from lifestyle choices to health conditions, couples can take steps to improve their chances of having a family.
The Importance of Evaluation
If you’re having trouble conceiving, it’s crucial for both partners to be evaluated. For men, this process typically begins with a medical history review and a physical exam. A history may reveal past conditions, like undescended testicles, or previous exposures such as chemotherapy or radiation, all of which can affect sperm production,” says Dr. Jared Bieniek, medical director of Tallwood Men’s Health.
After the initial visit, testing may include a semen analysis to check sperm count and quality, along with blood tests to evaluate hormone levels.
4 Common Causes of Male Infertility
Male infertility can result from several factors, including:
-
Medications
Certain medications can significantly impact male fertility. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), for example, interferes with the natural process of sperm production. “TRT shuts down the brain-testicle communication, which reduces natural testosterone and halts sperm production,” explains Dr. Bieniek. Other drugs, such as those for blood pressure or mental health, as well as treatments for chronic diseases like cancer, can also affect sperm health. -
Medical Conditions
Various health conditions can affect sperm production. Hormonal imbalances, autoimmune diseases, and genetic disorders can all contribute. Common chronic conditions like diabetes can also lower hormone levels, impacting fertility. Treating these conditions might help improve sperm health. -
Previous Surgeries
Certain surgeries, especially on the reproductive system or spine, can lead to infertility. A vasectomy is the most obvious example, but even procedures like hernia repairs or prostate surgery can affect sperm flow or ejaculation. -
Anatomical Issues
Some men may have structural issues that affect fertility, such as a varicocele, which is the abnormal enlargement of veins in the scrotum. This condition often has no symptoms but can lower sperm quality or production. While most men with varicoceles are not infertile, surgery may be needed if sperm count or motility is low.
How to Address Male Infertility
Based on your exam and test results, your doctor can recommend treatments, including medication or surgery. Lifestyle changes can also improve fertility.
Dr. Bieniek suggests the following:
- Eating a healthy diet
- Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight (Excess weight can lead to hormonal imbalances)
- Taking a daily men’s multivitamin
- Avoiding excessive heat, such as from hot tubs or hot baths
- Reducing substance use, including marijuana
If you’re struggling to conceive, starting with a visit to your family doctor can help. They can guide you through the evaluation process and refer you to a specialist if needed.
Related Topics:
