Cervical cancer remains a significant health concern, especially for young women, typically affecting sexually active individuals between the ages of 30 and 45. In the UK alone, one in 142 women will be diagnosed with cervical cancer in their lifetime, with around 3,200 new cases each year. Sadly, there are also approximately 850 cervical cancer-related deaths annually.
While these statistics may seem daunting, significant strides in cervical cancer research have led to better treatment outcomes. Increased awareness means that more women are able to recognize early symptoms and get diagnosed sooner, improving survival rates. Screening plays a crucial role in early detection, and if you are over 25, you should attend your regular cervical screenings (smear tests) when invited by the NHS. If you’re nervous or unsure about the process, consult with your GP, who can address your concerns and offer support.
Cervical cancer often doesn’t present noticeable symptoms until it reaches an advanced stage, which is why regular screenings are essential, says Valentina Milanova, a women’s health expert and founder of the gynecological health startup Daye. Screening tests detect the human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus responsible for most cervical cancer cases. When detected early, cervical cancer is one of the most treatable forms of cancer, Milanova notes.
It’s also important to be vigilant about any unusual symptoms, including changes in vaginal bleeding, pain during sex, or persistent changes in vaginal discharge. Although these symptoms are often caused by other conditions, they should not be ignored, and a GP should be consulted for further evaluation.
Dr. Jan Schaefer, Chief Medical Officer at MEDIGO, and Milanova highlight some of the key symptoms to watch out for:
1. Irregular Bleeding
One of the most common early signs of cervical cancer is abnormal bleeding, which can occur between periods or after intercourse. This happens when cancerous cells grow on the tissue around the cervix. In postmenopausal women, this symptom is particularly concerning.
2. Unusual Vaginal Discharge
Discharge that changes in color, consistency, or smell could indicate cervical cancer, particularly if it persists over time. Dr. Schaefer explains that this occurs when the cancer affects the tissue, leading to infection and altered discharge.
3. Pain During Sex
Pain during intercourse or bleeding afterward may be a sign that the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues. This symptom, though often overlooked, warrants medical attention.
4. Pain or Discomfort While Urinating
Cervical cancer may cause pressure on the bladder, leading to discomfort or pain during urination. Milanova advises women to monitor this symptom and seek investigation if it persists.
5. Changes in Bowel Habits
In some cases, cervical cancer can affect the nearby rectum or colon, leading to changes such as constipation, diarrhea, or blood in the stool. These changes should be taken seriously and investigated.
6. Unexplained Weight Loss
A sudden and unexplained loss of weight, especially if it continues despite eating normally, can be a sign of cervical cancer, according to Dr. Schaefer. This symptom should never be ignored.
7. Sore Legs
As cervical cancer progresses, it may press on nerves in the lower back, causing leg pain and swelling. If these symptoms occur together, it could be a sign of cervical cancer.
8. Lower Back Pain
Persistent pain in the lower back or pelvic area could be an indication of advanced cervical cancer, particularly when accompanied by other warning signs.
9. Fatigue
Chronic fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest should be discussed with a healthcare professional. Though fatigue can be linked to many health conditions, when combined with other symptoms, it could be a sign of cancer.
While these symptoms may also be indicative of other health issues, the only way to confirm a cervical cancer diagnosis is through a smear test, which can detect cancerous cells in the cervix. Milanova urges anyone experiencing these symptoms to make an appointment with their doctor or visit a sexual health clinic for further testing and investigation.
Regular screenings and early detection are critical in the fight against cervical cancer, and awareness of the signs and symptoms can help save lives. If you’re concerned about your health, don’t hesitate to seek professional advice and ensure you are taking the necessary steps for your well-being.
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